SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF ‘JAPA’ SYNDROME: THE EMERGENT PLIGHT AND FLIGHT OF THE PRODUCTIVE NIGERIAN YOUTHS

Abstract

The current youth migration in Nigeria, often colloquially referred to as "Japa Syndrome" in Nigeria, has become a significant socio-economic phenomenon with far-reaching implications for both individuals and society. This study investigates the knowledge/socio-economic and political determinants driving Japa syndrome type of migration among Nigerian youths, thus, this research aiming at providing insights into the root causes and implications of this topical migration pattern. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach; including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, data were collected from a diverse sample of Nigerian youths across different regions and socio-economic backgrounds. The findings reveal a complex interplay of economic, social, political, and transnational factors shaping migration decisions among Nigerian youths. Economic factors, including high unemployment rates, stagnant wages, and limited job opportunities, emerged as primary push factors prompting migration, while social factors such as educational attainment, family background, and peer influence also played crucial roles. Moreover, political instability and governance failures were identified as contributing factors driving youths to seek opportunities abroad. The study further explores the individual impacts of migration, including improvements in income levels and access to educational and employment opportunities abroad, as well as challenges such as cultural adjustment, discrimination, and feelings of isolation. Societal implications of Japa Syndrome migration, such as brain drain, demographic shifts, and social cohesion challenges, are also discussed. Based on the findings, the study proposes a series of nuanced policy recommendations and interventions aimed at addressing the socioeconomic determinants of Japa Syndrome migration among Nigerian youths. These recommendations encompass strategies such as investing in education and skills training, creating job opportunities, improving governance and political stability, as well as promoting social inclusion and integration for returning migrants.